以下是小昭为大家整理的历年英语考题（考生回忆版）及答案解析，希望对即将参加考研的同学们有所帮助。

2004年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive   smellers   compared   with   animals, 1 this   is   largely because, 2   animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are   3   to perceiving those  smells which float  through  the air,  4   the  majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact,    5    , we are extremely sensitive to smells,     6    we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of   7   human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million.

Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another,  9   others  are sensitive  to the smells of  both  flowers. This  may be   because some people do  not have  the  genes  necessary  to generate 10  smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the  cells  which  sense  smells and send     11     to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell   12   can suddenly become sensitive to it when   13   to it often enough.

The  explanation for insensitivity to  smell seems to  be that the  brain finds   it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary. This  may   16   explain why  we  are not usually sensitive to our own  smells – we simply do not need to be. We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house, but we    18    new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it   best to keep smell receptors   19    for unfamiliar and emergency signals   20     the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.

 Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.

The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.

Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de Waal’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.

In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.

The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by

[A] posing a contrast.

[B] justifying an assumption.

[C] making a comparison.

[D] explaining a phenomenon.

22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, Paragraph l) implies that

[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.

[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys’ nature.

[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.

[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.

23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are

[A] more inclined to weigh what they get.

[B] attentive to researchers’ instructions.

[C] nice in both appearance and temperament.

[D] more generous than their male companions.

24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys

[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers.

[B] can be taught to exchange things.

[C] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.

[D] are unhappy when separated from others.

25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.

[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.

[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.

Cooperation among monkeys remains stable 

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